Abstract Background The treatment of common bile duct (CBD) stones with minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is more technical demanding than laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). especially in patients with history of previous abdominal surgery. cholangitis or cholecystitis. Near-infrared (NIR) cholangiography via systemic or biliary tree administration of indocyanine green (ICG). https://allfixelectricales.shop/product-category/stainless-steel-wipes/